PECULIAR FEATURES OF TEACHING HISTORY TO ECONOMIST STUDENTS IN RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES

The purpose of the article: The article is aimed at studying of key issues of the set of methods and methodology of teaching history to students of the direction "Economics"; identifying of key aspects of the history course, competent understanding whereof is important for development of professional competencies of future economists, is of special attention.Materials and methods: The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of key problem issues of the history course, a competent understanding of which is important for the formation of professional competencies of economists.Results of the research: The article shows that in the history of economics there are a lot of controversial, controversial issues on which quite superficial, subjective judgments and conclusions can occur in the journalistic, and sometimes academic literature. A number of similar questions are considered, the features of their study with students are revealed. The work identifies key aspects of the course of history, a competent understanding of which is important for the formation of professional competencies of future economists. The recommendations of the methodological and methodological plan for their study are proposed to increase the effectiveness of training future economists. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of peculiar features of teaching history to economist students in Russian universities is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Ceramic materials based on lanthanum zirconate for the bone augmentation purposes: cytocompatibility in a cell culture model

Creation of new ceramic materials for the bone augmentation purposes that combine the absence of cytotoxicity, high strength and osseointegration characteristics is an urgent modern task. In this work, the cytocompatibility of ceramic materials based on lanthanum zirconate (La2Zr2O7) was determined to assess the prospects for their use as implants and components of human joint endoprostheses. The effect of ceramic materials based on undoped and alkali-earth (Ca, Sr) doped La2Zr2O7 on the viability and proliferative activity of human cells was evaluated. The release of elements into the culture medium was also evaluated

Kuzbass Economic Diversification: The Concept of Development Corridors

В статье исследуются особенности процессов диверсификации экономики в Кузбассе (Кемеровская область), крупнейшей в Азиатской России углепромышленной территории, в контексте анализа текущего этапа пространственного развития региона. В частности, диверсификация рассматривается через призму подходов, развиваемых в рамках современной экономической географии, региональной экономики в части теории коридоров развития. Предложена авторская трактовка коридоров развития, которые способны активизировать процессы диверсификации путем стимулирования экономического сотрудничества, в том числе межмуниципальной, межрегиональной и международной кооперации. Показано, что двухъядерная агломерация, сформировавшаяся в Кузбассе, не способствует созданию новых внутрирегиональных коридоров развития. Основное внимание должно быть уделено организации коридоров развития в рамках Южно-Сибирской конурбации. Кроме того, Кемеровской области целесообразно продвигать идеи создания собственных международных коридоров развития. Таким образом, коридоры развития способны стать важным дополнением к уже действующим и создаваемым в Кузбассе институтам территориального развитияThe article examines the peculiarities of the economic diversification processes in Kuzbass (Kemerovo Oblast), the largest coal-producing territory in Asian Russia, while analyzing the current stage of the region’s spatial development. Specifically, diversification is considered from the perspective of the approaches developed within contemporary economic geography and regional economics in the theory of development corridors. The author offers an interpretation of development corridors as those that intensify the processes of diversification by stimulating various types of economic cooperation, which include inter-municipal, interregional, and international. It is shown that the double-core agglomeration that has emerged in Kuzbass does not contribute to the creation of new intraregional development corridors. Priority should be given to the organization of development corridors within the South Siberian conurbation. In addition, Kemerovo Oblast is advised to promote the idea of creating its own international development corridors. Thus, development corridors may become an important complement to the already existing and established institutions of territorial development in Kuzbas

Some inferences from in vivo experiments with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles: the pulmonary phagocytosis response, subchronic systemic toxicity and genotoxicity, regulatory proposals, searching for bioprotectors (a self-overview)

The purpose of this paper is to overview and summarize previously published results of our experiments on white rats exposed to either a single intratracheal instillation or repeated intraperitoneal injections of silver, gold, iron oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, and manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in stable water suspensions without any chemical additives. Based on these results and some corroborating data of other researchers we maintain that these NPs are much more noxious on both cellular and systemic levels as compared with their 1 μm or even submicron counterparts. However, within the nanometer range the dependence of systemic toxicity on particle size is intricate and non-unique due to complex and often contra-directional relationships between the intrinsic biological aggressiveness of the specific NPs, on the one hand, and complex mechanisms that control their biokinetics, on the other. Our data testify to the high activity of the pulmonary phagocytosis of NPs deposited in airways. This fact suggests that safe levels of exposure to airborne NPs are possible in principle. However, there are no reliable foundations for establishing different permissible exposure levels for particles of different size within the nanometric range. For workroom air, such permissible exposure levels of metallic NP can be proposed at this stage, even if tentatively, based on a sufficiently conservative approach of decreasing approximately tenfold the exposure limits officially established for respective micro-scale industrial aerosols. It was shown that against the background of adequately composed combinations of some bioactive agents (comprising pectin, multivitamin-multimineral preparations, some amino acids, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) the systemic toxicity and even genotoxicity of metallic NPs could be markedly attenuated. Therefore we believe that, along with decreasing NP-exposures, enhancing organisms’ resistance to their adverse action with the help of such bioprotectors can prove an efficient auxiliary tool of health risk management in occupations connected with them

Intracellular Neuroprotective Mechanisms in Neuron-Glial Networks Mediated by Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor.

peer reviewedGlial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a pronounced neuroprotective effect in various nervous system pathologies, including ischaemic brain damage and neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we studied the effect of GDNF on the ultrastructure and functional activity of neuron-glial networks during acute hypoxic exposure, a key damaging factor in numerous brain pathologies. We analysed the molecular mechanisms most likely involved in the positive effects of GDNF. Hypoxia modelling was performed on day 14 of culturing primary hippocampal cells obtained from mouse embryos (E18). GDNF (1 ng/ml) was added to the culture medium 20 min before oxygen deprivation. Acute hypoxia-induced irreversible changes in the ultrastructure of neurons and astrocytes led to the loss of functional Сa(2+) activity and neural network disruption. Destructive changes in the mitochondrial apparatus and its functional activity characterized by an increase in the basal oxygen consumption rate and respiratory chain complex II activity during decreased stimulated respiration intensity were observed 24 hours after hypoxic injury. At a concentration of 1 ng/ml, GDNF maintained the functional metabolic network activity in primary hippocampal cultures and preserved the structure of the synaptic apparatus and number of mature chemical synapses, confirming its neuroprotective effect. GDNF maintained the normal structure of mitochondria in neuronal outgrowth but not in the soma. Analysis of the possible GDNF mechanism revealed that RET kinase, a component of the receptor complex, and the PI3K/Akt pathway are crucial for the neuroprotective effect of GDNF. The current study also revealed the role of GDNF in the regulation of HIF-1α transcription factor expression under hypoxic conditions

Some Characteristics of Free Cell Population in the Airways of Rats after Intratracheal Instillation of Copper-Containing Nano-Scale Particles

We used stable water suspensions of copper oxide particles with mean diameter 20 nm and of particles containing copper oxide and element copper with mean diameter 340 nm to assess the pulmonary phagocytosis response of rats to a single intratracheal instillation of these suspensions using optical, transmission electron, and semi-contact atomic force microscopy and biochemical indices measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Although both nano and submicron ultrafine particles were adversely bioactive, the former were found to be more toxic for lungs as compared with the latter while evoking more pronounced defense recruitment of alveolar macrophages and especially of neutrophil leukocytes and more active phagocytosis. Based on our results and literature data, we consider both copper solubilization and direct contact with cellular organelles (mainly, mitochondria) of persistent particles internalized by phagocytes as probable mechanisms of their cytotoxicity